Augustine the Heretic
When most Christians today hear the word eternal fire or hell, they imagine an endless torment without hope. Yet few realize that this framework was not the consensus of the early church but largely the product of one man’s influence:...
Did the Early Church Fathers Believe in Eternal Torment?
When people today hear the word “hell,” they almost always think of eternal conscious torment — an unending chamber of fire where sinners suffer without hope. Yet this idea, far from being the consensus of the early church, was contested...
Does the Nicene Creed Mention Hell?
The Nicene Creed is one of the most important confessions of faith in church history, yet many people mistakenly believe it contains a reference to hell. The truth is clear: the Nicene Creed does not mention hell at all.
Jerome's Corrupted Latin Vulgate
For more than a thousand years, the Bible that shaped Western Christianity was not the Greek New Testament or the Hebrew Scriptures—it was Jerome’s Latin Vulgate. This single translation, finished around 405 AD, became the Bible of the West, and...
Justinian's Condemnation of Origen
When people defend Eternal Conscious Torment (ECT) or Annihilationism, they often lean on the weight of “church tradition” and the authority of ecumenical councils. But history reveals something shocking: the very councils that condemned Origen and the hope of Universal...
Should We Trust the Targums to Define the Afterlife?
The rise of modern arguments for Annihilationism — the belief that the wicked will one day cease to exist — has led many to dig through ancient documents to support their view. One such tactic is quoting from the Targums,...
